Wiring And Schematic

Thursday, November 20, 2014

RF Amplifier circuit with 2SC1970 2N4427

RF power amplifier circuit of this work is based on the transistor 2SC1970 and 2N4427. The set output power of 88-108 MHz FM RF Amplifier With 2SC1970 is about 1.3W and the input driver is 30-50mW. RF driver amplifier circuit uses a 2N4427 and its power amplifier using a transistor 2SC1970.

At the time of the amplifier circuit tuning FM 88-108 MHz RF Amplifier With 2SC1970 should use the power meter / watt meter or SWR or RF field can also use the meter. RF amplifier circuit can work from the frequency of 88-108 MHz.

RF Amplifier

Circuit of 88-108 MHz FM RF Amplifier With RF 2SC1970 can radiate far enough. At the time of tuning you should use a 50 Ohm dummy load. For the input signal should be installed to regulate the VR level so as not to over-modulation (30-50mW).

Audio Amplifier Circuits 10W with Bass boost

Parts:
P1 22K Log.Potentiometer (Dual-gang for stereo)
P2 100K Log.Potentiometer (Dual-gang for stereo)
R1 820R 1/4W Resistor
R2,R4,R8 4K7 1/4W Resistors
R3 500R 1/2W Trimmer Cermet
R5 82K 1/4W Resistor
R6,R7 47K 1/4W Resistors
R9 10R 1/2W Resistor
R10 R22 4W Resistor (wirewound)
C1,C8 470nF 63V Polyester Capacitor
C2,C5 100uF 25V Electrolytic Capacitors
C3,C4 470uF 25V Electrolytic Capacitors
C6 47pF 63V Ceramic or Polystyrene Capacitor
C7 10nF 63V Polyester Capacitor
C9 100nF 63V Polyester Capacitor
D1 1N4148 75V 150mA Diode
IC1 NE5532 Low noise Dual Op-amp

Q1 BC547B 45V 100mA NPN Transistor
Q2 BC557B 45V 100mA PNP Transistor
Q3 TIP42A 60V 6A PNP Transistor
Q4 TIP41A 60V 6A NPN Transistor
J1 RCA audio input socket
Power supply parts:
R11 1K5 1/4W Resistor
C10,C11 4700uF 25V Electrolytic Capacitors
D2 100V 4A Diode bridge
D3 5mm. Red LED
T1 220V Primary, 12 + 12V Secondary 24-30VA Mains transformer
PL1 Male Mains plug
SW1 SPST Mains switch

Comments:

This design is based on the 18 Watt Audio Amplifier, and was developed mainly to satisfy the requests of correspondents unable to locate the TLE2141C chip. It uses the widespread NE5532 Dual IC but, obviously, its power output will be comprised in the 9.5 - 11.5W range, as the supply rails cannot exceed ±18V.

As amplifiers of this kind are frequently used to drive small loudspeaker cabinets, the bass frequency range is rather sacrificed. Therefore a bass-boost control was inserted in the feedback loop of the amplifier, in order to overcome this problem without quality losses. The bass lift curve can reach a maximum of +16.4dB @ 50Hz. In any case, even when the bass control is rotated fully counterclockwise, the amplifier frequency response shows a gentle raising curve: +0.8dB @ 400Hz, +4.7dB @ 100Hz and +6dB @ 50Hz (referred to 1KHz).

Notes:
Can be directly connected to CD players, tuners and tape recorders.
Schematic shows left channel only, but C3, C4, IC1 and the power supply are common to both channels.

Numbers in parentheses show IC1 right channel pin connections.

A log type for P2 ensures a more linear regulation of bass-boost.
Dont exceed 18 + 18V supply.
Q3 and Q4 must be mounted on heatsink.
D1 must be in thermal contact with Q1.
Quiescent current (best measured with an Avo-meter in series with Q3 Emitter) is not critical.

Set the volume control to the minimum and R3 to its minimum resistance.

Power-on the circuit and adjust R3 to read a current drawing of about 20 to 25mA.
Wait about 15 minutes, watch if the current is varying and readjust if necessary.
A correct grounding is very important to eliminate hum and ground loops. Connect in the same point the ground sides of J1, P1, C2, C3 &C4. Connect C9 at the output ground.
Then connect separately the input and output grounds at the power supply ground.

Technical data:
Output power: 10 Watt RMS @ 8 Ohm (1KHz sinewave)
Sensitivity: 115 to 180mV input for 10W output (depending on P2 control position)
Frequency response: See Comments above
Total harmonic distortion @ 1KHz: 0.1W 0.009% 1W 0.004% 10W 0.005%
Total harmonic distortion @ 100Hz: 0.1W 0.009% 1W 0.007% 10W 0.012%
Total harmonic distortion @10KHz: 0.1W 0.056% 1W 0.01% 10W 0.018%
Total harmonic distortion @ 100Hz and full boost: 1W 0.015% 10W 0.03%
Max. bass-boost referred to 1KHz: 400Hz = +5dB; 200Hz = +7.3dB; 100Hz = +12dB; 50Hz = +16.4dB; 30Hz = +13.3dB

Uses of Optoisolators

Consist of an LED (usually Infra-red) and a phototransistor close-coupled in a DIL IC package. Commonly used to isolate two sections of a circuit for safety reasons. An example where you want to swap your case power or drive activity LED for something with a bit more bling, without endangering the motherboard. The optoisolator diode is connected in place of the case LED.

Wednesday, November 19, 2014

Honda Motorcycle CB750F Ciruit Diagram

Honda Motorcycle CB750F Ciruit Diagram

The afterward account shows the electrical base affiliation diagram for Honda Motorcycle CB750F. It shows the affiliation amid Honda genitalia such as the appropriate about-face arresting indicator light, oil burden admonishing light, aloof indicator, aerial axle indicator, about-face arresting indicator, tachometer lights, speedometer lights.

turn/signal active lights, headlight, about-face signal/running light, horn and horn button, clamp switch, advanced stop switch, about-face arresting ascendancy switch, dimmer switch, agent stop switch, atom units, aloof switch, oil burden switch, rear stop switch, fuses, agitation switch, amateur motor, battery, about-face arresting appropriate rear, appendage and anchor light, about-face arresting larboard rear, regulator/rectifier, alternator, agitation coils, beating generator, atom plugs, and additionally the blush code.

To Install S7562CZNUANB1 Android 4 1 2 Jelly Bean Firmware

Install Android 4.1.2 Jelly Bean Official Firmware on Galaxy S Duos S7562C through Odin:

Download Android 4.1.2 ZNUANB1 Firmware for Galaxy S Duos S7562C from the above list
Download Odin 3.07
Switch off your phone and boot Galaxy S Duos S7562C into Download Mode by pressing and holding the Volume Down+Home+Power buttons (long press until the boot Lcd appear), now press Volume Up key to proceed to Download Mode.
Extract the downloaded Odin3.07 zip file and run the Odin3 v3.07.exe file as an administrator (Right click on the .exe file and click on Run as administrator)
Now connect your Galaxy S Duos S7562C to your computer via USB cable
In Odin3 Lcd, you should see a COM Port number like “0:[COM7]” at ID:COM section and “Added!” text at the message box. This means your device has been detected by Odin3.
Make sure that, only the “Auto Reboot” and “F. Reset Time” options are checked.
Now, extract the downloaded firmware zip file, you’ll find a firmware file with extension .tar.md5
In Odin Lcd, click on PDA button and select the firmware file with .tar.md5 extension (The firmware file look something like: S7562CXXDLJ5_S7562CODDDLI7_INU.tar.md5)
Now, click on the Start button to begin the installation process, wait few moments.
Once completed, you would see “PASS!” message in ID:COM port having green background
Your phone should automatically reboot after completion
You can now disconnect your phone from computer
Finish

Tuesday, November 18, 2014

Battery Charger using LM317 Regulator

This Battery Charger is very similar to the universal charger that uses the constant current load. But this is much simpler to build and can be built using only two parties, the LM317 regulator and resistance. The use of diode D is for protection against short circuits. Capacitors C1 and C2 is good voltage regulation. Resistance R2 operates a dummy load when the battery is disconnected. The idea of this magazine is the output current is equal to 1.2 V, divided by the value of R1.

Part List:
LM317
R1 - see the values in table below
R2 - 2.2 kilo-ohms 1/4W
C1,C2 - 47uF/25V, or any value will do, the higher the better
D - 1N4001 or any similar diode at-least 1A rated

Choose PIC or AVR ATMEGA

Microcontroller more and more, to choose to use the PIC 16F microcontroller or AVR family ATMEGA 8535 just need googling that here. System works sama2 work on both the base 8-bit PIC or AVR ATMEGA. PIC or AVR basically the same microcontroller that has an analog input facilities in accordance with what I need. Feature owned by PIC and AVR ATMEGA too much alike. From the PIC feature on the analog input also has AVR ATMEGA. Feature ADC also owned by PIC or AVR ATMEGA even between PIC and AVR ATMEGA is sama2 have ADC with many channels all (plus mantab all). From the feature control PWM PIC and AVR ATMEGA also have. Well bener2 added mantab world with the presence of PIC microcontroller or AVR ATMEGA this, first MCS51 family still AT89C5x or AT89S5x wrote that in use. After dipikir2 should also be detailed feature between PIC and AVR ATMEGA with details.

PIC family Featured PIC16F87X

High performance RISC CPU

Only 35 single word instructions to learn

All single cycle instructions except for program branches the which are two cycle

Operating speed: DC - 20 MHz clock input DC - 200 ns instruction cycle

Up to 8K x 14 words of FLASH Program Memory,

Up to 368 x 8 bytes of Data Memory (RAM)

Up to 256 x 8 bytes of EEPROM Data Memory

Pinout compatible to the PIC16C73B/74B/76/77

Interrupt capability (up to 14 sources)

Eight level deep hardware stack

Direct, indirect and relative addressing modes

Power-on Reset (POR)

Power-up Timer (PWRT) and Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)

Watchdog Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC oscillator for reliable operation

Programmable code protection

Power saving SLEEP mode

Selectable oscillator options

Low power, high speed CMOS FLASH / EEPROM technology

Fully static design

In-Circuit Serial Programming  (ICSP) via two pins

Single 5V In-Circuit Serial Programming capability

In-Circuit Debugging via two pins

Processor read / write access to program memory

Wide operating voltage range: 2.0V to 5.5V

High Sink / Source Current: 25 mA

Commercial, Industrial and Extended temperature ranges

Low-power consumption:

- <0.6 ma typical @ 3v, 4 mhz

- 20 μA typical @ 3V, 32 kHz

- <1 μa typical standby current

Pin Diagram

Peripheral Features:

Timer0: 8-bit timer / counter with 8-bit prescaler

Timer1: 16-bit timer / counter with prescaler, can be incremented During SLEEP via external crystal / clock

Timer2: 8-bit timer / counter with 8-bit period register, prescaler and postscaler

Two Capture, Compare, PWM modules

- Capture is 16-bit, max. resolution is 12.5 ns

- Compare is 16-bit, max. resolution is 200 ns

- PWM max. resolution is 10-bit

10-bit multi-channel Analog-to-Digital converter

Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) with SPI (Master mode) and I2C (Master / Slave)

Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver

Transmitter (USART / SCI) with 9-bit address detection

Parallel Slave Port (PSP) 8-bits wide, with external RD, WR and CS controls (40/44-pin only)

Brown-out detection circuitry for Brown-out Reset (BOR)

Featured AVR ATMEGA 8535

High-performance, Low-power AVR ® 8-bit Microcontroller

Advanced RISC Architecture

- 130 Powerful Instructions - Most Single Clock Cycle Execution

- 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers

- Fully Static Operation

- Up to 16 MIPS throughput at 16 MHz

- On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier

Nonvolatile Program and Data Memories

- 8K Bytes of In-System Self-Programmable Flash Endurance: 10,000 Write / Erase Cycles

- Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits

In-System Programming by On-chip Boot Program

True Read-While-Write Operation

- 512 Bytes EEPROM Endurance: 100,000 Write / Erase Cycles

- 512 Bytes Internal SRAM

- Programming Lock for Software Security

Peripheral Features

- Two 8-bit Timer / Counters with Separate Prescalers and Compare Modes

- One 16-bit Timer / Counter with Separate prescaler, Compare Mode, and Capture Mode

- Real Time Counter with Separate Oscillator

- Four PWM Channels

- 8-channel, 10-bit ADC

8 Single-ended Channels

7 Differential Channels for TQFP Package Only

2 Differential Channels with Programmable Gain at 1x, 10x, or 200x for TQFP Package Only

- Byte-oriented Two-wire Serial Interface

- Programmable Serial USART

- Master / Slave SPI Serial Interface

- Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Oscillator

- On-chip Analog Comparator

Special Microcontroller Features

- Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection

- Internal calibrated RC Oscillator

- External and Internal Interrupt Sources

- Six Sleep Modes: Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save, Power-down, Standby and Extended Standby

I / O and Packages

- 32 Programmable I / O Lines

- 40-pin PDIP, 44-lead TQFP, 44-lead PLCC, and 44-pad QFN / MLF

Operating Voltages

- 2.7 - 5.5V for ATmega8535L

- 4.5 - 5.5V for ATmega8535

Speed Grades

- 0 - 8 MHz for ATmega8535L

- 0-16 MHz for ATmega8535