August 2014 | Wiring And Schematic

Sunday, August 31, 2014

AVR Dongle Wiring diagram Schematic

This schema is intended to program AVR controllers such as the AT90S1200 via the parallel port. The schema is extremely simple. IC1 provides buffering for the signals that travel from the parallel port to the microcontroller and vice versa. This is essentially everything that can be said about the schema. The two boxheaders (K2 and K3) have the ‘standard’ ISP (in system programming) pinout for the AVR controllers. The manufacturer recommends these two pinouts in an attempt to create a kind of standard for the in-schema programming of AVR-controllers. These connections can be found on many development boards for these controllers. The software carries out the actual programming task.

Circuit diagram :

AVR_Dongle_Circuit_Diagramw

AVR Dongle Circuit Diagram

It is therefore necessary to have a program (ATMEL AVR ISP), which is available as a free download from http://www.atmel.com. The construction of the schema will have to made on standard prototype board, since we didn’t design a PCB for this schema. This should not present any difficulties considering the small number of parts involved. We recommend that inexperienced builders ﬁrst make a copy of the schema and cross off each connection on the schematic once it has been made on the board. This makes it easy to check afterwards whether all connections have been made or not.

Sourced by: Streampowers.blogspot.com

12 V Glow Plug Converter Wiring diagram Schematic

Most small internal-combustion engines commonly used in the model-building world use glow plugs for starting. Unfortunately, glow plugs have an operating voltage of 1.5 V, while fuel pumps, starter motors, chargers and the like generally run on 12 V. This means that a separate battery is always needed to power the glow plug. The standard solution is to use an additional 2-V lead storage battery, with a power diode in series to reduce the voltage by approximately 0.5 V. However, this has the annoying consequence that more than 30 percent of the energy is dissipated in the diode. Naturally, this is far from being efficient.

Circuit diagram :

12-V

12-V

12-V Glow Plug Converter Circuit Diagram

The converter presented here allows glow plugs to be powered from the 12-V storage battery that is usually used for fuelling, charging, starting and so on. A car battery can also be used as a power source. Furthermore, this schema is con-siderably more efficient than the approach of using a 2-V battery with a series power diode.

The heart of the DC/DC converter is IC1, a MAX 1627. The converter works according to the well-known step-down principle, using a coil and an electrolytic capacitor. Here the switching stage is not integrated into the IC, so we are free to select a FET according to the desired current level. In this case, we have selected a 2SJ349 (T1), but any other type of logic-level FET with a low value of RDSonwould also be satisfactory. Of course, the FET must be able to handle the required high currents.

Diode D1 is a fast Schottky diode, which must be rated to handle the charging currents for C2 and C3. This diode must also be a fairly hefty type. The internal resistances of coil L1 and capacitors C2 and C3 must be as low as possible. This ensures efficient conversion and prevents the components from becoming too warm.

The resistor network R2/R3 causes 87 percent of the output voltage to be applied to the FB pin of IC1. This means that an output voltage of 1.5 V will cause a voltage of approximately 1.3 V to be present at the FB pin. The IC always tries to drive the switching stage such that it ‘sees’ a voltage of 1.3 V on the FB input. If desired, a different output voltage can be provided by modifying the values of R2 and R3.

When assembling the schema, ensure that C5 and C1 are placed as close as possible to IC1, and use sufficiently heavy wiring between the 12-V input and the 1-5-V output, since large cur-rents flow in this part of the schema. A glow plug can easily draw around 5 A, and the charging current flowing through the coil and into C2 and C3 is a lot higher than this!

Source by : streampowers

Build a Simple 12v to 9v converter

Build

This little schema uses a LM317 variable voltage regulator to adjust the input voltage down to +9 volt, or whatever else you need. Just a solid basic schema without bells and whistles.

You can do with a 10uF capacitor for C1 if your battery is close to this schema. If it is located more than 3 feet increase the value to 100uF or above. Without a coolrib it can easily handle 500mA. If you need more, or the maximum current (1.5A), then a good coolrib is required.

Trimmer potent meter R3 will vary the output voltage. Ceramic capacitor C2 improves frequency/transient response. Can be omitted if not needed for your application. If you want extra protection in case the adjust pin is short schemaed, add an extra 1N4001 diode over the input and the output. Cathode to input. But normally only used if the output is way over 25V.

R1 and R3 determine the output voltage. You can adapt them for your own needs and applications.
Use the following formula: (((R1+R3)/R2)+1)*1.25=V-out which comes to: (((560+1000)/220)+1)*1.25 = 10.11V (assuming V-in is 12V).

Or vice-versa: ((V-out/1.25)-1)*R2=R1+R3 which comes to: ((9/1.25)-1)*220=1364. For 1364, you can make R1=560 and R3=1K, which will give plenty of play.

After dozens of emails I have included the above schema. The parts with the red X are added and act to boost the amperage. The NTE393 transistor can handle 25A with a sufficient cool rib.

Other power transistors, such as the TIP2955, or similar can be used also. The power transistor is used to boost the extra needed current above the maximum allowable current provided via the regulator. Current up to 1500mA(1.5A) will flow through the regulator, anything above that makes the regulator conduct and adding the extra needed current to the output load.

It is no problem stacking power transistors for even more current. Both regulator and power transistor must be mounted on an adequate heatsink, and if you intend to use lots of amps a fan would be nice too.

Balanced Microphone Amplifier

We published a design for a stereo microphone preamplifier with balanced inputs and a phantom power supply. The heart of this schema was a special Analog Devices IC, the SSM2017. Unfortunately, this IC has been discontinued. In its place, the company recommends using the pin-compatible AMP02 from its current product line. However, and again unfortunately, the speciﬁcations of this opamp make it considerably less suitable for use as a microphone amplifier. By contrast, Texas Instruments (in their Burr Brown product line) offer an integrated instrumentation amplifier (type 1NA217) that has better speciﬁcations for this purpose.

Incidentally, this IC is also recommended as a replacement for the SSM2017. It features internal current feedback, which ensures low distortion (THD + noise is 0.004 % at a gain of 100), low input-stage noise (1.3 nV/√Hz) and wide bandwidth (800 kHz at a gain of 100). The supply voltage range is ±4.5 V to ±18 V. The maximum current consumption of the 1NA217 is ±12 mA. The gain is determined by only one resistance, which is the resistance between pins 1 and 8 of the IC. The schema shown here is a standard application schema for this instrumentation amplifier. R1 and R2 provide a separate phantom supply for the microphone connected to the amplifier (this is primarily used with professional equipment).

Balanced

Balanced

Balanced Microphone Amplifier Circuit Diagram

This supply can be enabled or disabled using S1. C1 and C2 prevent the phantom voltage from appearing at the inputs of the amplifier. If a phantom supply is not used, R1 and R2 can be omitted, and it is then better to use MKT types for C1 and C2. Diodes D1–D4 are included to protect the inputs of the 1NA217 against high input voltages (such as may occur when the phantom supply is switched on). R4 and R5 hold the bias voltage of the input stage at ground potential. The gain is made variable by including potentiometer P1 in series with R6. A special reverse log-taper audio potentiometer is recommended for P1 to allow the volume adjustment to follow a linear dB scale.

The input bias currents (12 µA maximum!) produce an offset voltage across the input resistors (R4 and R5). Depending on the gain, this can lead to a rather large offset voltage at the output (several volts). If you want to avoid using a decoupling capacitor at the output, an active offset compensation schema provides a solution. In this schema, a FET-input opamp with a low input offset (an OPA137) is used for this purpose. It acts as an integrator that provides reverse feedback to pin 5, so the DC output level is always held to 0 V. This opamp is not in the audio signal path, so it does not affect signal quality. Naturally, other types of low-offset opamps could also be used for this purpose. The current consumption of the schema is primarily determined by the quiescent current of IC1, since the OPA137 consumes only 0.22 mA.

Author: T. Giesberts
Copyright: Elektor Electronics

Simple 5V Supply High Side Switcher Wiring diagram Schematic

This is a Simple 5V Supply High-Side Switcher Circuit Diagram. This schema requiring only 10uA of quiescent current, the schema of (Fig. 62-1 (a)) produces only 0.1ohm ON-rises-trance. IC1 is a charge pump voltage converter to produce a 5V level, so analog switch IC2 can provide a 10-V swing to MOSFET Ql.

5V Supply High-Side Switcher Circuit Diagram

Simple

This schema uses a voltage converter to enable the analog switch to apply a 4.3V swing to logic level NMOS power transistor Q1. ON resistance is 0.03ohm typical. This schema uses additional stages in the voltage-multiplying schema to provide a higher gate voltage swing. This would enable the use of a converter for an NMOS switching transistor.

WACKER NEUSON Generator TROUBLESHOOTING

WACKER NEUSON Generator _ How to check voltage at plug – voltage at generator terminals strip

TROUBLESHOOTING

If a generator problem is not an obvious engine or wire fault, the cause of the problem will be associated with one of two things:

A malfunctioning generator or faults in the schema supplying voltage to the receptacles. By starting the troubleshooting procedures at the generator output terminal strip (z) you can determine whether the problem lies within the generator or the schema supplying the receptacles. For troubleshooting a no-voltage condition, you’ll need to rule out problems with the stator windings (1) and the rotor windings (13). For a low-voltage condition (any voltage less than 120V), you’ll need to rule out problems with the stator and rotor windings, a malfunctioning voltage regulator (16), and problems with the brushes (13) and/or the excitation winding (15). For a high-voltage condition, you’ll need to rule out a malfunctioning voltage regulator and/or problems with the voltage regulator’s sensing wires (y).

For troubleshooting the receptacle diagram, you’ll need to rule out problems with the main schema breaker (3), the individual schema breakers (5, 6, and 7), and the wiring that connects all the components. For troubleshooting a malfunctioning auto idle schema, you’ll need to rule out a blown fuse (9) and problems with the idle solenoid, the DC winding (15), the rectifier (12), the auto idle switch (8), the auto idle unit (2), and the wiring that connects all the components. For troubleshooting a malfunctioning anti-after fire schema, you’ll need to rule out a faulty DC winding (15), a blown fuse (9), a faulty engine ON/OFF switch (11), or a faulty capacitor (10).

Checking Continuity

Conduct continuity tests when the engine is shut down. When checking continuity, use the Ohm setting on your multimeter. Place a lead of the multimeter on one end of the wiring or component and the other lead on the opposite end. If your meter reads “OL” or “OPEN”, there is no continuity and the wiring or component must be repaired or replaced.

Note: Some multimeters also have an audio signal setting for determining continuity. This setting may also be used.

If your meter reads less than 1.0 Ohm, or the audio signal sounds, the wiring or component has continuity and should be OK.

If your meter reads more than 1.0 Ohm, the wiring is faulty and must be repaired or replaced.

Checking Resistance

Conduct resistance checks when the engine is shut down. Use the Ohm setting on your multimeter. Conduct resistance checks when the machine is as close to 21°C (70°F) as possible. Higher temperatures can affect resistance values. Most digital multimeters have some internal resistance. To obtain your

multimeter’s internal resistance, simply cross the two leads of your multimeter and read the display. When conducting a resistance check, subtract your multimeter’s internal resistance from the value you measure to obtain the true resistance of the component you are checking

Checking Voltage

Conduct voltage checks when the engine is running. Use the Volt setting on your multimeter. To prevent damage to your instrument, start with the highest scale available on your multimeter. Adjust to a lower scale as readings dictate. Use extreme caution when checking voltage to reduce the risk of

electric shock.

Checking Voltage at Generator Terminal Strip

Remove the two screws (a) that secure the end cover to the generator and remove the end cover.

Start the engine.

Using the AC voltage setting on the multimeter, measure the voltage between the wire with the yellow marking (b) and the wire with the red marking (c). There should be 120V±10%. [If zero (0) volts is measured, it indicates a problem with main winding 2 or the rotor winding. If 120V±10% is measured, main winding 2 and the rotor are functioning; continue]

Using the AC voltage setting on the multimeter, measure the voltage between the wire with the green marking and the wire with the black marking. There should be 120V±10%. [If zero (0) volts is measured, it indicates a problem with main winding 1. If 120V±10% is measured, main winding 1 and the rotor are functioning; any problems with the receptacles receiving voltage are in the schema to the receptacles.]

Checking Voltage at Plug - GP 2500A, GP 2600

By starting the troubleshooting procedures at the generator output plug (d), you can determine whether the problem lies within the generator or the schema supplying the receptacles. To check the voltage at the output plug, carry out the following procedures:

Remove the two screws which secure the end cover to the generator and remove the end cover.

Start the engine.

Using the AC voltage setting on the multimeter, measure the voltage between the red wire and the white. There should be 120V±10%. [If zero (0) volts is measured, it indicates a problem with main winding 2 or the rotor winding. If 120V±10% is measured, main winding 2 and the rotor are functioning; continue.]

Using the AC voltage setting on the multimeter, measure the voltage between the brown wire and the blue wire. There should be 120V±10% [If zero (0) volts is measured, it indicates a problem with main winding 1. If 120V±10% is measured, main winding 1 and the rotor are functioning; any problems with the receptacles receiving voltage are in the schema to the receptacles]

CLICK ON THE PICTURES TO MAGNIFY

Bidirectional Photoelectric System

Photoelectric detectors are usually unidirectional, i.e. they are able to detect when someone enters a particular area but not when leaves it. On the contrary, a system able to detect movement in both directions could be useful to control shops, rooms etc.
If installed in a shop it could allow to know if all customers entering the premises have left them at the end of the day. Or, at home, it could be used to switch on the light (or any other electric device) when one enters the room and to switch off the electric device when he or she leaves it.
Furthermore, the schema is able to control the number of people, as it switches off the electrical device only when the last person has left the controlled area.

Input

Input

Parts:

R1,R4__________Photo resistors (any type)
R2,R5___________20K 1/2W Trimmers (Cermet)
R3,R6____________2M2 1/4W Resistors
R7,R8___________10K 1/4W Resistors
R9______________22K 1/4W Resistor

C1,C2__________470nF 63V Polyester Capacitors
C3_____________100µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor

D1-D7_________1N4148 75V 150mA Diodes

IC1_____________4093 Quad 2 input Schmitt NAND Gate IC
IC2____________40193 Presettable Dual Clock Up/Down Binary Counter IC

Q1_____________BC337 45V 800mA NPN Transistor

P1______________SPST Pushbutton

RL1_____________Relay with SPDT 2A @ 230V switch
Coil Voltage 12V. Coil resistance 200-300 Ohm

R1 and R2 are two common Photo resistors placed about 1cm apart and both facing the same source of light (e.g. a beam generated by any type of lamp placed on the opposite side of a door threshold). If a person passes through the door in one direction, the light is prevented to hit R1 at first, then R2: in this case IC2 counts up once. If the door is passed through in the opposite direction, the light is prevented to hit R2 at first, then R1: in this case IC2 counts down once.
The four outputs of IC2 feed the Base of Q1 (the Relay driver) by means of D3 - D6. Therefore the Relay will be energized each time one or more persons (up to 15) enter the room, and will remain in the "on" state until the same amount of persons entered has left the room.
C1, R3, IC1C and C2, R6, IC2D form two monostable diagram, employed to shape the input pulses driving the up and down clock inputs of IC2. The first monostable to be started will stop the other by means of a diode (D1 or D2) in order to prevent an immediate up-down counting (or vice-versa) of IC2.
P1 resets the counter.

Notes:

* R2 and R5 should be trimmed in order to allow proper operation of the Photo resistors, depending by the light source, distance etc.
* For this reason and therefore to allow a reliable operation, a 12V regulated supply for this schema is recommended.
* The schema was designed to count up to 15 people. This number can be increased cascading a further 40193 to IC2 thus allowing a maximum count of 255.

Saturday, August 30, 2014

How Are Optical Fibers Made

Now that we know how fiber-optic systems work and why they are useful -- how do they make them? Optical fibers are made of extremely pure optical glass. We think of a glass window as transparent, but the thicker the glass gets, the less transparent it becomes due to impurities in the glass. However, the glass in an optical fiber has far fewer impurities than window-pane glass. One companys description of the quality of glass is as follows: If you were on top of an ocean that is miles of solid core optical fiber glass, you could see the bottom clearly.

Making optical fibers requires the following steps:

Making a preform glass cylinder
Drawing the fibers from the preform
Testing the fibers

Making the Preform Blank

The glass for the preform is made by a process called modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD).

In MCVD, oxygen is bubbled through solutions of silicon chloride (SiCl4), germanium chloride (GeCl4) and/or other chemicals. The precise mixture governs the various physical and optical properties (index of refraction, coefficient of expansion, melting point, etc.). The gas vapors are then conducted to the inside of asynthetic silica or quartz tube (cladding) in a special lathe. As the lathe turns, a torch is moved up and down the outside of the tube. The extreme heat from the torch causes two things to happen:

Lathe used in preparing the preform blank

Photo courtesy Fibercore Ltd.

The silicon and germanium react with oxygen, forming silicon dioxide (SiO2) and germanium dioxide (GeO2).
The silicon dioxide and germanium dioxide deposit on the inside of the tube and fuse together to form glass.

The lathe turns continuously to make an even coating and consistent blank. The purity of the glass is maintained by using corrosion-resistant plastic in the gas delivery system (valve blocks, pipes, seals) and by precisely controlling the flow and composition of the mixture. The process of making the preform blank is highly automated and takes several hours. After the preform blank cools, it is tested for quality control (index of refraction).

Drawing Fibers from the Preform Blank

Once the preform blank has been tested, it gets loaded into a fiber drawing tower.

Diagram of a fiber drawing tower used to draw optical glass fibers from a preform blank

The blank gets lowered into a graphite furnace (3,452 to 3,992 degrees Fahrenheit or 1,900 to 2,200 degrees Celsius) and the tip gets melted until a molten glob falls down by gravity. As it drops, it cools and forms a thread.

The operator threads the strand through a series of coating cups (buffer coatings) and ultraviolet light curing ovens onto a tractor-controlled spool. The tractor mechanism slowly pulls the fiber from the heated preform blank and is precisely controlled by using a laser micrometer to measure the diameter of the fiber and feed the information back to the tractor mechanism. Fibers are pulled from the blank at a rate of 33 to 66 ft/s (10 to 20 m/s) and the finished product is wound onto the spool. It is not uncommon for spools to contain more than 1.4 miles (2.2 km) of optical fiber.

Testing the Finished Optical Fiber

The finished optical fiber is tested for the following:

Finished spool of optical fiber

Photo courtesy Corning

Tensile strength - Must withstand 100,000 lb/in² or more
Refractive index profile - Determine numerical aperture as well as screen for optical defects
Fiber geometry - Core diameter, cladding dimensions and coating diameter are uniform
Attenuation - Determine the extent that light signals of various wavelengths degrade over distance
Information carrying capacity (bandwidth) - Number of signals that can be carried at one time (multi-mode fibers)
Chromatic dispersion - Spread of various wavelengths of light through the core (important for bandwidth)
Operating temperature/humidity range
Temperature dependence of attenuation
Ability to conduct light underwater - Important for undersea cables

Once the fibers have passed the quality control, they are sold to telephone companies, cable companies and network providers. Many companies are currently replacing their old copper-wire-based systems with new fiber-optic-based systems to improve speed, capacity and clarity.

Simple FM transmitter Microphone Wiring diagram Schematic

This is a Simple FM transmitter Microphone Circuit Diagram. In this schema utlise for An op-amp IC (741) amplifies the audio signal from MIC1, and R12 controls its gain. Audio is fed to the oscillator schema Q1 and related components. D2 is a varactor diode. Audio fed to D2 causes FM of the oscillator signal. L1 is 3 turns of #18 wire. The antenna is a 12` whip.

Simple FM transmitter Microphone Circuit Diagram

Simple

How to get input from user a simple C program

A simple C++ program to get integer from user:-

Today i will teach you, how to get input from user, note we are taking here only an integer value from user like 1,2,3... not in fractional or decimal from at the end of this tutorial i will teach you to get decimal input from user.
Now to get an input from user, there is a command cin which is used to get any type of integer from user.
Starting from the first line in main function there is a command
int x int is use for integer and x is any variable to carry an input from user, means x is variable of data type integer.
Now moving to next line cout used to print on screen, which i had already discuss in previous tutorial.
Moving to next line there is a command cin>>x this command is the main command to get data from user, it will get data from user and store in variable x, you can use any variable you want.
Now its time to show the input on screen we used cout statement then text to display which is place in inverted commas after that or you can use in next line x which is variable in which data is stored.
Then closing the main function.
This is all about getting input from user.
Now there is another thing if you want to get data which is in decimal form then you have to change the data type which previously i used int for integer, for decimal data type you have to used float then a variable name.
You should try this code on your compiler by simply changing the data type from int to float.

Thats all for today, hope you understand very well, if you found any difficulty please let me know through comments.

Double Pole Switch Installation

In order to control electrical loads such as heating in the picture below using double pole switch. Double pole switch consists of four terminals. And electric heating load consists of three terminals. In the second switch terminal to get into each phase line (L) and the neutral line (N). While the other two terminals each connected to two terminal heating load. One other terminal on the body burden, directly connected to the grounding line.

Electrical

a. Electrical circuit drawings double pole switch

Double

b. Double pole switch wiring drawings

c. Image channel double pole switch

Pulse generator circuit with Logic Gate

Pulse generator circuit above is a pulse generator that uses logic gates. There are so many types and variations that can generate a series of pulses.

The simplest is the use of transistors or often called a flip-flop. There also are using integrated circuit such as IC 555. Theres more to exploit the resonance of the capacitor and inductor relationship as oscillators. To be sure whatever form and whatever the circuit components used must be able to generate electric waves which have a peak voltage (logic 1) and valleys (logic 0) is continuous.

Any variation of pulse generator circuit design has advantages and disadvantages of each, just how your decision for the appropriate circuit. For example to create a clock signal for a simple utility that you can only take advantage of the transistor but if you need a more accurate clock signal and form a perfect balance you can use IC Astable or logic gates. Or perhaps you need a signal with very high frequency (up to MHz) you can use a combination of inductor, resistor and capacitor.

Frequency value of the pulse generator circuit gate above is determined by the value kapaitor C2, R2, R3 and VR2. The greater the value of these components will lower the frequency and vice versa. Actually nothing is difficult to make a series of pulse generators, almost all time-based series is utilizing the nature of the charge and discharge capacitor. Therefore, like any form of variations in pulse generator circuit, always have a larger capacitor value will make the frequency produced smaller or longer periods of time, sedangkaan smaller capacitor values will result in greater output frequency.

AC120V LED series Circuit

This is Christmas season so I thought to give a schema to decorate your christmas tree or crib.By using this schema you can light up 25 LEDs.The importent thing of thios schema is this schema doesnt want a transformer.Use 3.8 kilo-ohms 5w resistor.

Note

# This is 120V Circuit

Simple UPS Power Supply

This schema is a simple form of the commercial UPS, the schema provides a constant regulated 5 Volt output and an unregulated 12 Volt supply. In the event of electrical supply line failure the battery takes over, with no spikes on the regulated supply.

Simple

This schema can be adapted for other regulated and unregulated voltages by using different regulators and batteries. For a 15 Volt regulated supply use two 12 Volt batteries in series and a 7815 regulator. There is a lot of flexibility in this schema.

TR1 has a primary matched to the local electrical supply which is 240 Volts in the UK. The secondary winding should be rated at least 12 Volts at 2 amp, but can be higher, for example 15 Volts. FS1 is a slow blow type and protects against short diagram on the output, or indeed a faulty cell in a rechargeable battery. LED 1 will light ONLY when the electricity supply is present, with a power failure the LED will go out and output voltage is maintained by the battery. The schema below simulates a working schema with mains power applied:

mains

Between terminals VP1 and VP3 the nominal unregulated supply is available and a 5 Volt regulated supply between VP1 and VP2. Resistor R1 and D1 are the charging path for battery B1. D1 and D3 prevent LED1 being illuminated under power fail conditions. The battery is designed to be trickle charged, charging current defined as :-

(VP5 - 0.6 ) / R1
where VP5 is the unregulated DC power supply voltage.

D2 must be included in the schema, without D2 the battery would charge from the full supply voltage without current limit, which would cause damage and overheating of some rechargeable batteries. An electrical power outage is simulated below:

power

Note that in all cases the 5 Volt regulated supply is maintained constantly, whilst the unregulated supply will vary a few volts.

Standby Capacity
The ability to maintain the regulated supply with no electrical supply depends on the load taken from the UPS and also the Ampere hour capacity of the battery. If you were using a 7A/h 12 Volt battery and load from the 5 Volt regulator was 0.5 Amp (and no load from the unregulated supply) then the regulated supply would be maintained for around 14 hours. Greater A/h capacity batteries would provide a longer standby time, and vice versa.

150W amplifier with active crossover

stereo

Series 150W Amplifier With Active Crossover Series 150W Amplifier with Active Crossover is very interesting. Actually, this circuit uses 4-channel power amplifier chip.

Well, as an Active Crossover here we use also a chip that can separate the tone of the bass, midrange and treble, the output from the Active Crossover can be directly amplified by power amplifier.

Power Chip 4-channel amplifier that we use is SANYO LA47536 who have power outputs up to 150W, while for Active Crossover (Active Crossover) we use the LF353 from National Semiconductor.

stereo

Friday, August 29, 2014

Build a 12 14 Volt 3A Anti RF Filtered Power supply Wiring diagram Schematic

How to Build a 12-14 Volt 3A - Anti-RF Filtered Power supply Circuit Diagram. This is not easy but you can do it . This Anti-RF Filtered Power supply Circuit Diagram is dedicated for use with rf equipments like, linear amplifiers, transmitters, receivers, and in every application that clean an-noisy signal is required.

The schema is very simple and you can drive it with a 220V/18V/3A transformer at the pins 1and 2.The regulator used here is the LM350K and make sure you place a good heat-sink to it because it gets too hot if current gets near to 3A.

12-14 Volt 3A - Anti-RF Filtered Power supply Circuit Diagram

12-14

Parts list
R1 = 220 Ohm 1/4W
R2 = 1,8 KOhm 1/4W
R3 = 330 Ohm 1/4W
P1 = 100 Ohm
C1,C2,C3 = 4.700uf/25V
C4 = 100pf ceramic
C6 = 100uf/25V electrolitic
D1..4 = 1N5400-4 or RAX GI 837U
F1 = 5A
IC1 = LM350K

For Data Sheet Contact with us here

Electromagnetic field detector

This lovely schema is a real gem! Easy to assemble and more sensitive than many commercial devices available. Its based around an LF351 low-noise operational amplifier and a 1mF choke acting as the sensor. Unlike most other simple EMF detectors, this one has a meter output for accurate reading, but alternatively, you can also roughly estimate the frequency of the field by plugging in headphones. It can detect any field from 50Hz to 100kHz, making it highly versatile and a worthwhile addition to any hobbyists workbench.

Basic Analog Flip Flop Schematics

This schematics is a basic analog flip flop. As we know, there are analog flip flop which built using analog components like ordinary transistor and digital flip flop build using digital logic IC (integrated schema) like TTL IC.

Basic

and here the result:

Flip

To control the speed of lights "on" and "off" in another word "control the flash rate", you can replace the Resistor 10K with variable resistor 20K or replace the electrolytic capacitor 100uF with other value.

Flip flop PCB layout:

Flip

Great Brands for Good Prices on Auto Sound Systems

If you are one of the many people across the country considering a new auto sound system, there is a great deal of good news. First of all, it is very possible to find a good bargain on a nice sound system for your car, truck, or SUV if you are willing to shop online and install the system yourself. The problem often lies not in the cost of the system but the price of the installation. However, the cost of installation is well worth the dollar amount for many of us who really have no clue what to do as far as a project of that scope goes. I for one am among the electronically challenged and not really willing to risk my dash board for an experiment in frustration and failed electronics.

That being said, there are many who are either perfectly and wonderfully capable of installing a nice auto sound system or are fortunate enough to know someone or someone who knows someone who is. For you, finding a great bargain online is probably the best way to go-provided youve actually been in the shop and heard the sound quality of the particular system you are considering. I would never recommend buying a system youve never heard in action no matter how great of a bargain you think you are getting.

Ive found that some of these systems are not even as good as the minimal factory installed systems that come standard in most cars, trucks, or SUVs on the road today. You do not want to pay money and spend time and effort for the installation of a sound system that isnt at least better than the one you currently have.

There are times when you do not have to go with top of the line or well known brands in order to have a great sound or auto sound system. But there are some well-known, good quality makers of sound systems that do not cost a fortune. You can find some very nice sound systems that are not exactly top of the line but also offer great quality sound and excellent features (particularly when compared to factory installed sound systems).

If youre looking for a very nice auto sound system you can find some good ones by popular brands for well under $300. They have some that are even less expensive but those in the $300 range generally offer a little boost in quality from those that can be found at lower prices. Of course, this isnt always the case and you will occasionally find some excellent systems at even lower prices than this. You and you alone can tell if the system you choose is one that you will be happy with.

The thing to remember is to listen to the sounds of the systems then make your decision and compare prices. Alpine, Kenwood, and JVC all have excellent auto sound systems in a wide variety of price ranges. There are times with these systems that paying a little extra is worth it. If you are satisfied with the quality of a less expensive sound system however, there is no real reason why you should purchase a more expensive system. You are the one who will be riding in your car, truck, or SUV and it is only important what you think of the system you select.

2 x 6 W hi fi audio power amplifier TDA2615

FEATURES:

Requires very few external components
No switch-on/switch-off clicks
Input mute during switch-on and switch-off
Low offset voltage between output and ground
Excellent gain balance of both amplifiers
Hi-fi in accordance with “IEC 268” and “DIN 45500”
Short-circuit proof and thermal protected
Mute possibility.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION:

The TDA2615 is a dual power amplifier in a 9-lead plastic single-in-line (SIL9MPF) medium power package. It has seen especially designed for mains fed applications, such as stereo radio and stereo TV.

Circuit Diagram:

Circuit Diagram 2 x 6 W hi-fi audio power amplifier TDA2615

Filter FSK Wiring diagram Schematic

FSK Frequency-Shift Keying is a form of frequency modulation in which the modulating signal changes the output frequency. between predetermined values. If problems arise in FSK demodulation signal is shown using this filter. The Frequency-Shift Keying filter is very simple and can be built into a phone plug.

Filter FSK Circuit Diagram

Filter

The diagram shows a low-pass filter made of R1 and C2. This filter has a cutoff frequency. about 1.6 KHz. Once the "0" and "1" signals from FSK tones are sent as 1.2 kHz and 2.4 kHz respectively filter removes all the undesired signals.

Both D1 and D2 ensure that the FSK signal is limited to about + / - 600 mV amplitude. It can be connected to a speaker or headphone output.

components

C1 = 0.0082
C2 = 0.018
R1 = 5.6kΩ
D1 = D2 = 1N4148

PWM Motor Speed Control Circuit

Here is a simple PWM motor speed controller schema that can be used for varying the speed of low power DC motors .The variation in speed is achieved by varying the duty cycle of the pulse supplied to drive the motor.Of the two gates of IC CD40106B ,N1 is wired as an inverting Schmitt Trigger astable multi vibrator for producing pulses and N2 as an inverting buffer to drive the transistor during positive cycles at base.The duty cycle is set from resistor R2. R1 limits the base current of transistor SL 100.The schema is ideal for controlling toy motors,hand held mini fans , small blowers etc.

Notes .

* By varying R2 duty cycle can be varied from 0% to 100%.
* For identifying pins of SL 100 ,the pin that is connected to casing is collector,the pin near to notch is emitter and the one remaining is base.

3V Fluorescent lamp voltage source

Fluorescent lamp assembly using only a 3V voltage source. 2 battery which i parallel to supply its circuit of fluorescent lamp. By using the above circuit is very useful if it saves electricity and power outages at home , or used in a dark place.

Circuit of works, and lamp lights

This is circuit , battery , and fluorescent lamp 20W


Working circuit on the dark

Interest with this circuit : Fish Caller Electronics

Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)

counter for blogger